Life of Fred: Linear Algebra Expanded Edition

 

     There are many different "algebras":

 

     Life of Fred: Linear Algebra is usually studied after the two years of college calculus.  You will study:

Systems of equations with lots of ways to solve them
All kinds of spaces: Vector, Inner Product, and Dual Spaces
Linear Transformations including linear functionals.

 

Here's a more complete description:


Chapter 1  Systems of Equations with One Solution


high school algebra, three equations with three unknowns
coefficient and augmented matrices
elementary row operations
Gauss-Jordan elimination
Gaussian elimination


Chapter 1½   Matrices


matrix addition A + B
scalar multiplication rA
matrix multiplication AB
matrix inverse A–1
proof of associative law of matrix multiplication (AB)C = A(BC)
elementary matrices
LU-decomposition
permutation matrices

 

Chapter 2   Systems of Equations with Many Solutions


four difficulties with Gauss-Jordan elimination
#1: a zero on the diagonal
#2: zeros “looking south”
#3: zeros “looking east”
#4: a row with all zeros except for the last column
free variables
echelon and reduced row-echelon matrices
general solutions
homogeneous systems
rank of a matrix


Chapter 2½   Vector Spaces


four properties of vector addition
a very short course in abstract algebra
four properties of scalar multiplication
five vector spaces
linear combinations and spanning sets
linear dependence/independence
basis for a vector space
coordinates with respect to a basis
dimension of a vector space
subspace of a vector space
row space, column space, null space, and nullity



Chapter 2¾    Inner Product Spaces


dot product
inner product
positive-definiteness
length of a vector (norm of a vector)
angle between two vectors
perpendicular vectors (orthogonality)
Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process
orthonormal sets
Fourier series
harmonic analysis
double Fourier series
complex vector spaces with an inner product
orthogonal complements


Chapter 3   Systems of Equations with No Solution


overdetermined/underdetermined systems
discrete/continuous variables
the normal equation/“the best possible answer”
least squares solution
data fitting
model functions



Chapter 3½   Linear Transformations

rotation, reflection, dilation, projection, derivatives, matrix multiplication
linear transformations, linear mappings, vector space homomorphisms
linear operators
ordered bases
zero transformation, identity transformation
the equivalence of linear transformations and matrix multiplication
Hom(V , W )
linear functionals
dual spaces
second dual of V


Chapter 4   Systems of Equations into the Future


transition matrix
determinants
characteristic polynomial/characteristic equation
eigenvalues
algebraic multiplicity/geometric multiplicity
computation of A100
stochastic matrices
Markov chains
steady state vectors
regular matrices
absorbing states
similar matrices
systems of linear differential equations
Fibonacci numbers
computer programs for linear algebra

Index

     Six problems sets at the end of each chapter with all the answers.    

 

     A full course in linear algebra.  And the fun of reading about Fred's adventures. 

 

 

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